Ractopamine
Common name or Trade name, used in
瘦肉精
The Joint FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization World Health) Expert Committee has set the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of ractopamine in 2006.
Ractopamine can be added in feed in the United States and Canada [1].
Involving system
- CV [2]
- GI [2]
- Neuro-muscular [2]
- lifespan [3]
Presentation
- GI: nausea, vomiting. [2]
- CV: palpitation, facial flush. [2]
- Neuro: trunk or limb numbness, tremor, headache, weakness [2]
- General: chill, and dyspnea [2].
- Promote increasing heart diseases and life expectancy reduction [3]
- Laboratory: hypokalemia, leukocytosis, and hyperglycemia [2].
Antidote and Treatment
- intravenous hydration and potassium supplements, which gradually ameliorated their symptoms [2].
Disposition
- admission: They were discharged after hospitalization for 3 (66.7%) or 4 days (33.3%) [2].
- Patients’ symptoms were completely resolved within 1 week after the exposure [2].
-in an animal study, the cumulative risk and incidence rate of death was 75 to 90% greater in animals administered the βAA (β-adrenergic agonists) compared to contemporaneous controls [4].
HALF of the deaths among groups administered the βAA were attributed to the administration of the drug [4].
- Animal study: Postdosing 77.8% dogs developed cardiac arrhythmias and had elevated troponin levels indicating myocardial damage. Mild myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. Scattered arteries exhibited segmental medial and perimedial fibromuscular dysplasia [5].
References
[1]. Li JH, Yu WJ, Lai YH, Ko YC. Major food safety episodes in Taiwan: implications for the necessity of international collaboration on safety assessment and management. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2012;28(7 Suppl):S10-S16. doi:10.1016/j.kjms.2012.05.004
[2]. Wu ML, Deng JF, Chen Y, Chu WL, Hung DZ, Yang CC. Late diagnosis of an outbreak of leanness-enhancing agent-related food poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(10):1501-1503. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.001
[3]. Onishchenko GG, Popova AIu, Tutel'ian VA, et al. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2013;(6):4-8. doi:10.15690/vramn.v68i6.666
[4]. Loneragan GH, Thomson DU, Scott HM. Increased mortality in groups of cattle administered the β-adrenergic agonists ractopamine hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91177. Published 2014 Mar 12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091177
[5]. Yaeger MJ, Mullin K, Ensley SM, Ware WA, Slavin RE. Myocardial toxicity in a group of greyhounds administered ractopamine. Vet Pathol. 2012;49(3):569-573. doi:10.1177/0300985811424752
-- Sep 3, 2020 Yu-Jang Su ~~