Substance
Lophophora williamsii, contains active
alkaloids—such as pellotine, anhalonidine, hordenine and mescaline [1].
Plant: peyote [2]
less potent than LSD. [3, 4]
Common
name or Trade name
烏羽玉
Involving
system
-
a serotonin agonist. [3]
-
serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptor agonist [4]
-
α1A/2A noradrenaline
and D1/2/3 dopamine receptors.[4]
-
Toxidrome of a sympathomimetic effect. [5]
Presentation
Onset 30-60
minutes, lasts 5-12 hours (though wide individual variability) [3]
Psycho- Hallucination,
agitation, euphoria, altered sensorium, altered sense of time, extreme focus or
distractibility, hallucinations, Dizziness, headache. [3, 4] depersonalization
and psychoses.[5]
CV- tachycardia, hypertension
and vomiting. [3]
Abdomen - Nausea/vomiting,
abdominal pain. [3]
Pupil - mydriasis [3]
Other - energy,
esoteric/spiritual experiences. [3].
Antidote
and Treatment
No antidote, standardly
supportive treatment. [3]
Supportive care. [3]
Not usually
associated with significant morbidity/mortality. [3]
Disposition
Treat and observe.
References
[1]: Doesburg-van
Kleffens M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Gründemann C. An Overview on the
Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context,
Ceremony and Culture. Molecules. 2023 Dec 5;28(24):7942.
[2]: Kapadia GJ, Highet RJ. Peyote alkaloids. IV.
Structure of peyonine, novel beta-phenethylpyrrole from Lophophora williamsii.
J Pharm Sci. 1968 Jan;57(1):191-2.
[3]. https://wikem.org/wiki/Mescaline_toxicity
[4]. Vamvakopoulou IA,
Narine KAD, Campbell I, Dyck JRB, Nutt DJ. Mescaline: The forgotten
psychedelic. Neuropharmacology. 2023 Jan 1;222:109294.
[5] Dinis-Oliveira RJ,
Pereira CL, da Silva DD. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote
and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions. Curr Mol Pharmacol.
2019;12(3):184-194.
Edited by Yu-Jang
Su
21 May 2024