Lophophora williamsii Poisoning

 

 Substance

Lophophora williamsii, contains active alkaloids—such as pellotine, anhalonidine, hordenine and mescaline [1].

Plant: peyote [2]

less potent than LSD. [3, 4]

 

Common name or Trade name 

烏羽玉

 

Involving system

-       a serotonin agonist. [3]

-       serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptor agonist [4]

-       α1A/2A noradrenaline and D1/2/3 dopamine receptors.[4]

-       Toxidrome of a sympathomimetic effect. [5]

 

Presentation

Onset 30-60 minutes, lasts 5-12 hours (though wide individual variability) [3]

Psycho- Hallucination, agitation, euphoria, altered sensorium, altered sense of time, extreme focus or distractibility, hallucinations, Dizziness, headache. [3, 4] depersonalization and psychoses.[5]

CV- tachycardia, hypertension and vomiting. [3]

Abdomen - Nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain. [3]

Pupil - mydriasis [3]

Other - energy, esoteric/spiritual experiences. [3].

 

Antidote and Treatment

No antidote, standardly supportive treatment. [3]

Supportive care. [3]

Not usually associated with significant morbidity/mortality. [3]

 

Disposition

 Treat and observe.

 

References

[1]: Doesburg-van Kleffens M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Gründemann C. An Overview on the Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context, Ceremony and Culture. Molecules. 2023 Dec 5;28(24):7942.

[2]:  Kapadia GJ, Highet RJ. Peyote alkaloids. IV. Structure of peyonine, novel beta-phenethylpyrrole from Lophophora williamsii. J Pharm Sci. 1968 Jan;57(1):191-2.

[3]. https://wikem.org/wiki/Mescaline_toxicity

[4]. Vamvakopoulou IA, Narine KAD, Campbell I, Dyck JRB, Nutt DJ. Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic. Neuropharmacology. 2023 Jan 1;222:109294.

[5] Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2019;12(3):184-194.

Edited by Yu-Jang Su 

 21 May 2024