|
Dry bite Snake venom |
Comment |
Country |
References |
|
Definition |
Failure to inject venom while biting |
Denmark and Brazil. |
1 |
|
Cause |
[1] viral infections, [2] physical agents, [3] traumas during defense, [4] excessive
pressure on the venom glands (i.e., during manual extraction in captivity) [5] any other inflammatory response. [6] venom gland tissue damage will result in empty venom glands and, consequently, in dry bites. [7]. Calcification of
fangs and obstruction of the secondary venom ducts. [8]. Aged snakes often present these
alterations |
Denmark and Brazil. |
1 |
|
Rate |
18% |
India |
2 |
|
Viperids (14.7%) Elapids (14.5%) |
Denmark and Brazil. |
1 |
|
|
19% |
Turkey |
3 |
|
|
Rattlesnake 42.9% |
Brazil. |
4 |
|
|
25—50% |
Denmark and Brazil. |
1 |
|
|
Diagnosis |
The diagnosis of a dry bite is generally
made retrospectively, once it has been confirmed that the bite was
sustained from a venomous snake and that no envenoming occurred. |
Denmark and Brazil. |
1 |
|
Observe |
Some toxins may exert their effects
within minutes, while others may require several hours to take effect. Therefore,
it is crucial to observe the patient long enough to enable differentiation
between delayed onset of toxicity and a dry bite. Usually, clinical
manifestations present within 12–24 h (or less) of the bite incident |
Costa Rica; Spain, UK, Papua New Guinea, and
Australia. |
5 |
1.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105644/
2.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33311806/
3.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17978913/
4.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8592769/
5.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28905944/
Edited by Yu-Jang Su Feb, 7, 2023
